your wife doesn't need to pass the life in uk test now, that was only if you had been living together for 4yrs or more outside the uk so you could apply for ILE.
as you haven't then you will need to apply for a spouse visa, which will last for 27 months, your wife must pass the test within the 27 months, so she can apply for ILR. so your wife has lots of time when your wife is here
yes, have you got written evidence of the money being paid in 2010 ? photocopy it and send it with your app.
have you got family or friends who could loan you a couple of £000's ?, for 6 months, if so put it in your current account, but don't send the statement with the money going in, send the 6 after it, so you'll have at least 2K+ in the bank which should be enough, also your following bank statements will look good as hopefully the balance will be increasing each month
what about your accommendation, you renting or living with family ?