BAD DEBT -A bad debt is a debt that is not collectible by creditors from the borrowers. Bad debts are delinquent and are generally been written off as uncollectible loans. The creditors may take up various steps to retrieve their bad debt from the market. On the other hand, the individuals may often fall prey to unfortunate circumstances and may fail to pay back the loan amount thus coming under the mounting pressure of bad debt. The borrowers can take some bad debt management plans or bad debt consolidation plans to solve their financial crises.

As far as I know, it is a civil case BUT if you have ignored court summons for the debt. Then it turns it into a criminal matter and you could have a criminal record.

Non-payment of debt is usually civil rather than criminal, so long as there isn't evidence of fraud or theft.