Unions which are completely neutered by very harsh anti-union laws. IIRC the wildcat bus strike in Manila a while back against coding result in a 6 month ban for the bus companies involved. Extraordinary repression.
The Philippines is certainly nowhere near as poor as is thought but ordinary workers are in a rotten position. My girlfriend casually told me about 'Endo' one day as if it was the most normal thing in the world.![]()