A sponsoring parent must be able to show that he/she has been solely responsible for exercising parental care over the child for a substantial period.
If the sponsoring parent and child are separated, the child will normally be expected to have been in the care of the sponsoring parent's relatives rather than the relatives of the other parent. An application should normally be refused if the child has been in the care of the other parent's relatives and the other parent lives nearby and takes an active interest in the child's welfare.
The following factors should be considered in assessing sole responsibility:
Are the parents married / in a civil partnership?
If the parents' marriage / civil partnership is dissolved, which parent was awarded legal custody, which includes assumption of responsibility for the child?
Where there is a custody order the ECO should take care to ensure that the issue of a settlement entry clearance to the child will not contravene the terms of the custody order. See list for countries whose custody orders can be recognised as valid in UK (copy can be downloaded under 'Related documents' on the right side of this page).
Does the marriage / civil partnership subsist, but the parents do not live together?
If the sponsoring parent migrated to the UK, how long has the sponsoring parent been separated from the child?
If the sponsoring parent migrated to the UK, what were the arrangements for the care of the child before and after the sponsoring parent migrated?
If the sponsoring parent migrated to the UK, what has been / what is the sponsoring parent's relationship with the child?
Has the sponsoring parent consistently supported the child, either by:
direct personal care; or by regular and substantial financial remittances?
By whom, and in what proportions, is the cost of the child's maintenance borne?
Who takes the important decisions about the child's upbringing, for example where the child lives, the choice of school, religious practice etc?