A visa is valid for a the country that issue it (or some like a Schengen European visa).
As Filipino citizens, to travel to the US you do need a visa from the US Embassy whatever your residency country is (it's the Citizenship and not the country of residence that determine the need or not of visas).
Permanently residence in a country outside the Philippines just ease the process as you don't have to apply in Manila (if I remember well, tourist visa holders will be told to apply in Manila).