There are rules and there is reality! You can ask for a 1 year lease, renewable but there is no guarantee that it will be honored. The closest you would get to taking the case to court would be a Barangay hearing
Rental deposits vary from area to area. One month deposit and one month in advance is common. We rent out a couple of properties and the tenants usually stop paying the rent and use the deposit for the last months rent. None of our property has a set lease date.