Unfortunately TB case-finding and diagnostics are not perfect. Pre-entry screening is an attempt to diagnose active TB, which of course remains relatively common ( but not always diagnosed ) in the Philippines and needs treatment.
Sputum smear microscopy alone fails to detect TB bugs in up to half of cases, as a very large number need to be present to actually see them. " Culture " of the sputum sample – attempting to grow the TB bugs in special media over several weeks - may then be needed to confirm a suspected TB diagnosis.
The X-ray " mucus "/ " shadow " seen originally was likely to be an area of inflammation and scarring which the specialists concluded was due to TB infection. Even after successful treatment, changes may persist which don’t necessarily mean active infection. To describe these as " mucus ", which we do all produce, may be unhelpful.
X-rays, other imaging techniques, and sputum tests ALL need to be interpreted in ADDITION to clinical examination, before active TB is either ruled out or diagnosed with enough certainty to justify treatment. There may be general symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, night sweats, fever, tiredness, persistent cough, and chest pain. Of course specialists are needed to interpret ALL these signs and symptoms to reach a diagnosis. If someone feels healthy with none of these symptoms that’s clearly reassuring ( but screening is still a requirement ).
I understand your worry and confusion. The BEST people to explain " what is going on at this clinic " are the doctors who work there, who should be able to answer all questions that your wife ( and yourself ) may ask. These doctors, at the one clinic in the Philippines approved by UKBA, are specialists who have to regularly prove they’re up to date. Patients should ALWAYS ask questions that trouble them, and not leave the clinic until they have answers which they understand.