As " low levels " of the parasite remain in the water supply further tests are needed before the " all clear 2 and it’s not yet known how traces got into the treatment works, or if anyone has been infected ( incubation period 5 – 10 days ).


• Cryptosporidiosis may not be the first " bug " to come to mind as a cause of diarrhoea, but it does cause a few thousand cases each year in the UK – and has a worldwide distribution. It’s a protozoan – two major species are C. hominis ( humans ) and C. parvum ( in many species including cattle in the UK and carabao in the Philippines ). Infection is usually from faecally-contaminated water or food.


The cysts ( “ oocysts “ ) are infectious at low doses ( 10 – 30 for humans ) - they attach to and enter cells lining the small bowel, but are resistant to treatment. They are also resistant to chlorine in swimming pools ! They ARE killed by boiling water.


• The parasite may be transmitted from livestock ; personal contact with affected individuals ( who may not have symptoms ) ; food such as raw milk, meat, shellfish, fruit and vegetables ; contaminated swimming pools or water supplies.


• It typically causes low-grade fever and diarrhoea. People most at risk are children, or adults with immune deficiency such as HIV/AIDS. IF symptoms persist and they are unusually severe, treatment may be difficult, because the drugs available are of unproven benefit ( and are not licensed in the UK ).


• However, to keep up the " good news theme " on the Forum, in healthy individuals the disease is self-limiting and just needs standard fluid replacement until they recover . Hopefully the only people likely to need extra toilet paper are the United Utilities and Public Health individuals responsible for detecting and preventing infection with this nasty parasite .