Hi Pam,
As a first step I suggest you and your husband review the UKVI website "Apply to join family living permanently in the UK" and follow all the appropriate links.
Here's the website link:-
https://www.gov.uk/join-family-in-uk/overview
Please try to do as much reading as you can here in the forum. Look at the posts in the UK VISA/British Citizenship section especially those labelled "sticky" at this thread here:-
http://filipinaroses.com/showthread....e-Partner-Visa
As a first step read through the sticky thread called "All New Guide - How to apply for a Spouse/Partner Visa" here's the link:-
http://filipinaroses.com/showthread....e-Partner-Visa
It may not be completely up to date but makes some good background information on which to ask specific questions.
Turning to your questions:-
1. It can take quite some time to secure the marriage certificate. Did anyone agree to expedite this process for you ?
This is something you need to follow up at regular intervals to avoid a major delay.
2. The visa you will apply for is settlement
3. Search through the UK VISA/British Citizenship section threads you will find numerous examples of how to prepare the letter, what information to include and also excellent samples of the letters of support previously submitted by forum members
4. The listing of UKVI approved tests and testing centres can be found on their approved listing here:-
https://www.gov.uk/government/upload...st_Centres.pdf
You'll need to secure a pass at the required grade before making your visa application.
You'll also need to secure a TB "all-clear" certificate at from the UKVI approved clinic before making your application.
Details here:-
https://www.gov.uk/government/public...he-philippines
It may be helpful for both you and your husband to review example downloadable application forms available here:-
https://www.gov.uk/government/public...ent-form-vaf4a